Cad Practices In Civil Engineering – Today & Tomorrow

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Civil Engineers design buildings in which we reside in. They design building models and implement those using resources and technologies. Presently, designs are created digitally using computer-aided design (CAD) softwares. CAD drafting has made a civil Engineers job easier and simpler which was much more complex earlier when done manually. CAD softwares have become an integral part of the industry. In the future advanced and creative features should make CAD softwares more functional and a complete product to fulfill raising expectations and the needs of this industry.

All through the years CAD softwares have always been evolving which resulted in lesser designing time and easier drafting process for the Engineers. Automated CAD drafting creates high-quality designs accurately and faster. The Engineer can analyze the project model, and the changes can be incorporated in design easily, saving a lot of time and money. The functionality of the softwares can be enhanced by integrating it with other useful applications. These advantages of the CAD softwares increase the efficiency of drafting to a great amount. But, CAD softwares also have demerits as it is expensive and training is very essential for CAD drafting.

The civil Engineer can design 2D or 3D building model. 3D modeling compared to 2D drafting is much advanced as it creates more complex objects. 3D softwares are based on solid and parametric modeling, and older wireframe technique. The solid modelings create basic solid structures. They have limited motion and lack intelligent features. Modern 3D parametric modeling defines other models using advanced geometric features. It employs transmigration operation with which the design can be changed any where. These changes affect other design parts and have to be adjusted accordingly. Therefore, the original design indent becomes important while drafting to avoid corrections and changes in the design. But this problem can be eliminated by explicit modelers.

3D modeling has greater advantages over 2D drafting. 3D designs are faster and of high quality. The rendering aids help to produce a photorealistic, dynamic and accurate design. Manipulations in the 3D design can be done instantly. With 2D design the visualization is difficult, and there is always a possibility of error in the output. In spite of all these shortcomings, 2D CAD softwares are still used in the field of Civil engineering. On the other hand 3D softwares are getting popular day by day, and in the future will have a vital role to play.

Currently, new tools and powerful features are included in CAD softwares to optimize and make it more productive. Business informational modeling (BIM) is a new concept that is applied in a 3D CAD software. It is a documentation process providing physical and functional characteristics of the building. BIM is a database of information like geometry of building parts, building geography, and quantity and properties of the used resources. These building details are combined with the actual building model. Members of different project departments can coordinate and collaborate, and exchange related project information. BIM can be used my Architect, civil Engineer, Contractors, Sub-contractors, and also the Owner. It covers all phases of construction and structurizes the workflow. BIM gives you project schedules and the cost of materials used. With BIM you can study and analyze the building defects, environmental impact of the building. This allows the Engineer to create an eco-friendly and high-performing building even before it is constructed. BIM minimizes data loss and here the changes can be added and corrected easily. The need to visit the site directly by the civil Engineer is eliminated by BIM. BIM has not been widely accepted in the industry due to lack of exposure and unclear information about it. In future this concept is going to redefine 3D drafting and serve as a useful tool for the entire project.

The expectations with CAD softwares seem to grow high as more and more enhanced features and innovations are added to it. The industry should provide customized solutions and turn to newer technologies than using the older ones. CAD softwares can be commercialized completely. It is important to have better output and input devices to make drafting easier and produce accurate designs. In future, the CAD softwares will have enhanced file format, more design options, editing tools and intelligent features. Accessibility and interoperability would be increased. Civil Engineer would be able to manage and share their data efficiently within a project. You can expect a high resolution and very realistic designs. CAD softwares would make civil Engineer more creative and take drafting to new highs.

Civil Engineers Immigration Requirements In Australia

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The recent listing of jobs on SOL Skilled Occupation List is a dream come true for most Civil Engineers in India. Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP) has outlined the need for engineers to introduce new concepts and ideologies in this evolving new stream. ANZSCO Australia and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupation has outlined these as areas on growth to meet the demands on expanding population and commercial growth.

The list comes as an opportunity for the Engineers to take their career to new heights at a country like Australia. But, it is important to pay an equal attention to Civil Engineers Immigration Requirement in Australia. DIBP has listed these requirements as-

1.Points test

Australia belongs to one of those nations which have a points test for its immigrants. Each and every application is first placed on Skillselect and points are allotted to education, work experience, adaptability and language skills. It is mandatory to score a minimum of 60 points to qualify for immigration. As a Civil Engineer, you are required to highlight your skills and professional expertise on the application to bag most points. It should be noted that merely a score of 60 wouldnt fetch you the invitation. Skillselect would invite only those applicants who have ranked high on list.

It is therefore imperative to have a good knowledge of what and what not should be mentioned in the application.

2.IELTS Certificate

DIBP would want you to have the IELTS certificate to substantiate your language skills. International English Language Test Score would mean that you are able to communicate well at the office and work effectively. The consulate office would guide you well on where to take the training and the examination for the certificate.

3.Procedural formalities

Skillselect is the gateway to Australian immigration. Every application should must be placed on Skillselect along with all the relevant documents and papers. DIBP requires you to also submit papers on identity, nationality, residence, travel, passport, education, employment, finance and so on. Care should be observed while presenting the application as a deficiency on any one of the papers would see a negative outcome, delay or rejection.

4.Declaration on Health and Finance

Under skilled immigration, it is very important that you make a declaration on health and finance. Globally, the expenses on medical treatment are very high and a medical insurance is a must to protect oneself from a loss. DIBP therefore requires you to have a valid medical insurance. Similarly, the details on source of income, employment and returns should also be given to the immigration authorities.

Civil Engineers Immigration Requirement in Australia arises on varied aspects of immigration. It is mandatory that you pay a good attention to all these requirements and accordingly make an application. Ideally, the services of an immigration service can be sourced for a more likeable outcome. The experience and expertise on the subject would make sure that your visa is produced in time and without much expense.

The Difference between Criminal and Civil Law

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There are significant differences between criminal and civil proceedings. This includes the protections due to the defendants, like against ex post facto law. This means that people cannot be punished for acts that were not illegal during the time of its execution; people should not be punished if there is no law punishing such act.

A criminal defendant also has protection from double jeopardy. This means that a defendant who is found not guilty for an offense can’t be charged for the same offense.

These protections are not available for defendants in a civil case. However, in the principle of double jeopardy, the corresponding protection for defendants in a civil case is -res judicata- which means that the plaintiff can only file one claim against one occurrence.

Aside from differences when it comes to the proceedings involved in both civil and criminal cases, it is important to note the significant difference between the legal practitioners that practice these specific lines of defense. In several places and specific states and cities, like Jacksonville, there are law firms available to help people in need of legal advice to determine the proper lawyer they should be contacting. A Jacksonville family lawyer like many others is a good example of a beneficial way to learn more about the difference between a civil and a criminal case.

It is very important to determine first what type of case is at hand. This is necessary because specific lawyers provide for a more powerful legal defense. Although lawyers can be of great help when it comes to general matters, being more specific allows for a greater chance to access knowledge and experience. A Jacksonville criminal attorney can offer adequate advice for clients who are in need of legal advice concerning criminal proceedings.

Although a family lawyer can do the trick, it is still more advisable to be more specific. A Jacksonville family lawyer may be able to determine the criminal aspects of the case, however, no one does it better that a criminal lawyer. Likewise, a criminal attorney may be able to see some of the criminal aspects of a family case, but only a family lawyer can point out the civil aspects more accurately. Therefore, in order to be successful in a specific legal proceeding, it is important to determine the particular differences to be able to choose a more specific person for the job.

California Code Of Civil Procedure 415.21

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What can you do when a debtor resides in some gated neighborhood that uses a gate that uses wireless passkeys, or lives within a million dollar house in a gated community having a 24-hour guard station? if you need to have the judgment debtor served with a debtor examination? Any answer varies depending on the state, the particular situation, and the process server. In this article, this subject is highlighted mostly from the perspective of a process server.

This article is my opinion and is not, a legal opinion. I am the judgment matchmaking expert, and not an attorney. When you need a strategy to use or legal advice, please retain an attorney.

Currently, in California, Code of Civil Procedure 415.21 reads:

A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person shall be granted access to a gated community for a reasonable period of time for the purpose of performing lawful service of process or service of a subpoena, upon identifying to the guard the person or persons to be served, and upon displaying a current driver’s license or other identification, and one of the following:

(1) A badge or other confirmation that the individual is acting in his or her capacity as a representative of a county sheriff or marshal.

(2) Evidence of current registration as a process server pursuant to Chapter 16 (commencing with Section 22350) of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code.

(B) This section shall only apply to a gated community that is staffed at the time service of process is attempted by a guard or other security personnel assigned to control access to the community.

California’s CCP 415.21 means a registered process server may lawfully go inside any locked neighborhood when there is one or more guards stationed there. One issue is, what do you do when there is no security guard, because the locking gate is completely automated with wireless passkeys? Such a circumstance may need some legally “muddy” strategies, such as:

1) If somebody starts to open a gate or garage door to a condo structure or a locked neighborhood, you might follow quickly, and you may slip in; and let’s hope you will later be able to get out. Wait nearby inside your vehicle, until there is a line of two or three cars entering. When the locking gate opens for them, try to slip in at the end of the line.

2) In a complex having a locked security door, you may stay by a door and wait until you see someone leaving or entering the complex, and ask for their permission to enter.

3) One might attempt to walk to the debtor’s residence, using another route.

In California, when a guard controls the entry gate, Code of Civil Procedure 415.21 will apply; and this brings up other concerns. There is no legal requirement that says you must share with the a guard which particular person is being served, only to display the guard the valid ID and the legal paperwork. However, there also seems to not be any law that prevents a security guard from asking you.

Despite what CCP 415.21 says, if a registered process server is not a Sheriff; some security guards will demand to know who is being served before they will permit access. Certain guards, particularly when they’re friendly with a judgment debtor; may alert them that they are about to get served; however most won’t. When the debtor is notified, they will be successful in avoiding being served.

Some guards might contact HQ for verification on “how to deal with this circumstance”. Occasionally headquarters orders the guard to allow a process server in, then HQ phones the debtor and warns them. Most often, this is not a problem; although it occurs on occasion, especially if they know a debtor, or made an arrangement with them.

The potential risk of tipping off the judgment debtor is avoided if you do not tell guard the person that is being served. When you ask them, the majority of guards will tell you if they’ll tip off a debtor, and most of them don’t. What do you do when you do not want to take a chance on telling the guard; and they refuse to grant you access unless you tell them? There may not be an easy solution, although these ideas might work:

1) Politely remind the security guard about CCP 415.21, and give them a copy of it.

2) Show your process serving ID, and then get that’s security guard’s full name (make sure they notice when you write it down), and document the time and day in front of them.

3) Within some counties, a Sheriff might be willing and authorized to arrest the guard for interfering with the service of a lawful subpoena; however do not threaten the guard by telling him that. Courteously inform the security guard that they may be held liable for obstructing justice, if they refuse to permit the service of a court-ordered subpoena, or tip off a judgment debtor of the upcoming serve.

If a security guard allows you through without needing to specify which resident is being served, thank them. When the guard won’t budge, let that be OK, and tell them the identity of the debtor is.

When the service then fails as they tipped off that debtor, you’ll need to try again later. Start by first trying to talk with headquarters, and if that doesn’t work out, and then perhaps consider lodging a complaint with your Sheriff, or perhaps even start a lawsuit against that security guard. Another way to handle this situation is to try to arrange things with another process server, for clever actions like attempting to cover several entry points at the same time, watching for when the judgment debtor goes through the gate, etc.

GOAL OF A CIVIL DIVORCE

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The goal of a civil divorce whether through mediation or collaborative law is to employ an acceptable process for the purpose of ending an unacceptable relationship. Where there are children, a divorce marks the beginning of a new relationship established in order to meet the future needs of those children. Even with adult children, the divorced parents are expected to interact at major events such as weddings, holidays and religious celebrations. If a divorce is achieved with civility, these later events can transpire more comfortably. By adopting a positive approach to the divorce process and embracing a cloak of reasonableness, the results can be far reaching, dictating how otherwise warring parties will interact not only throughout the process but for many years to follow.

The by-product of a civilized divorce benefit all involved; the participants, their children, and the attorneys, delivering a better quality of life for all. .

No matter how you slice it, the process of divorcing is complicated. There simply is no easy answer or quick escape given that a marriage consists of a life merger between two individuals, in which unique histories and personalities are intertwined. For a marriage to work in the first place, parties must be able to successfully merge all of their “stuff” irrespective of what that may entail. Although there is always a tendency to point fingers at the commencement of a divorce action, I have found that there is usually sufficient blame to go around and that everyone, without fail, brings issues, problems, and hang-ups to the marital table. Divorce mediation in Massachusetts offers people the option of civility.

In fact, the key to a successful marriage is for the parties to have compatible neuroses. One’s flaws and foibles should be known far before the marriage occurs, perhaps by way of premarital counseling, allowing the parties to become genuinely familiar with one another. Such a proactive step would help avoid that sense disillusionment that commonly results when there are unattainable expectations based on a genuine lack of understanding. People need to be realistic. They need to identify the negative personality traits going in to the marriage and honestly reflect upon whether those traits are acceptable. The fact is that it is more intuitive for courting couples to focus on the positive traits and habits of their partners as they head down the aisle, choosing to ignore all of the less attractive and annoying bits and pieces. It could be argued, according to divorce statistics, that at least half of those entering a marriage are doing so without a sincere understanding of their future spouses; this of course leading to the disappointment and unhappiness that often precedes a divorce action.

The single greatest cause of divorce is incivility, which is the knee-jerk reaction to the unavoidable disappointment resulting from the lofty and unachievable expectations placed on a marriage. The cascade of uncivil, inappropriate behavior eventually becomes codified within the family interaction. One party’s discourtesy feeds off the other’s, the children mimic their parents, and bit by bit, everyone’s behavior disintegrates on a daily basis until the marriage is over and all involved have lost their way; small wonder that anyone could remain in such a state for very long. The reality is that many people consider marriage to be a license to behave badly. The fallout of this counterproductive communication and lack of consideration is that people are getting divorced at an alarmingly rapid rate, and many young couples understandably fail to see the merit of getting married at all, preferring to live together rather than committing to an institution noted for its tremendous rate of failure. While a failed marriage often marks one of life’s tragedies, Divorce Mediation in Massachusetts offers the option of not compounding that tragedy with a failed divorce, i.e. one that is protracted, bitter and acrimonious.

For more information regarding Massachusetts Divorce mediation, please visit Familylawmediationgroup.com

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