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Civil Engineers Shaping The World For A Better Tomorrow

Posted on April 1, 2018 by blogger

Engineering is the term applied to the profession of knowledge of natural and mathematical aspects. A successful Engineer not only gains his knowledge through books but also through his experience and practices. You will be well aware of the fact that there are many fields of Engineering, and all of them are equally important. Civil Engineering plays a vital role in a countrys development. The Civil engineers are the professionals who are trained in pure and applied sciences to deal with the construction of Dams, Bridges, Tunnels, Thermal Plants, Highways, Airport runways, homes and other commercial structures.

Greece the Land of Engineers:

You will be well aware of the fact that the Greeks were the pioneers of construction. Civil Engineering was born as early between 4000 and 2000 BC. ” “, the Greek word which stands for Civil Engineer was the first representation. Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), is a remarkable construction by the civil Engineers of the Greek period. Even today the Civil Engineers of Greece are well known for their outstanding construction skills.

Hands Of Civil Engineers Shaping The World

We cannot image a world without the Civil Engineers. Civil engineers contribute the standard of living to the public and life would have been impossible on Earth without all these Civil Engineers out there. From basic residence to complicated safety units and medical facilities, all are originated from the skills of the civil engineers. With lots of advancements in construction technology, life is becoming more convenient than ever before.

Civil Engineers Concern On Safety

Construction is a complicated task. Apart from the beauty of the construction, the civil Engineer has to consider the effects of nature on the buildings too. The civil Engineers are much concerned about the safety measures of the building and the ability of the buildings to withstand the natural calamities such as earthquakes, flood and storms. Construction becomes more complicated in the construction of structures such as dams and nuclear power plants. As these structures are associated with the safety of thousands of people, the civil engineers face many challenges while constructing these structures.

Renovation of Old and Damaged Buildings

Apart from construction, the civil engineers play an important role in the renovation of old damaged structures. Renovation is considered to be more complicated when compared to the fresh construction. As renovation of existing structures has to be done without damaging the adjacent construction, the task is more challenging. However, the skilled Engineers from Greece are able to do the renovation process with ease. These Greek civil Engineers ( ) have gained enormous construction and renovation skills through their experience rather than from just bookish knowledge.

Without all these skilled civil engineers, the world would have been just a blank desert. Certainly these civil engineers are shaping the world for a better tomorrow.

Civil Services Examination- New Pattern

Posted on March 27, 2018 by blogger

Civil services exams are one of the respectable exams. Each year, thousands of people take up this exam but only few are able to make it through preliminary exams. Cracking IAS examination is not a cakewalk. Aspiring candidates have to undergo a rigorous process for clearing the paper and being selected for preferred services. The number of students keeps dropping down with every round for admission in civil services.

Examination board for civil services tries to maintain a high standard to absorb best officers, capable of justifying their responsibilities. New style and patterns are implemented by the board to upgrade standard for civil services aspirants. Government has approved a proposal for introduction of aptitude test replacing present preliminary examination to shortlist candidates for main exam in future.

In the new pattern, students will have to take up two objective type exams. These tests will have emphasis on testing ethical and moral dimensions while taking decisions along with aptitude levels. With new pattern, equal weightage will be offered to various candidates instead of a common and an optional exam in existing pattern. As compared to the emphasis of present exam pattern on subject awareness and knowledge, new pattern will check the candidate’s decision-making capabilities and aptitude.

For time being, change will be made in preliminary stage from 2011 but second and third stages will take some more time to be altered. The new pattern of civil service exams will offer level playing equity and field, as candidates will not have to attempt one common exam like now.

Civil services aspirants should pull up there socks and prepare well if they are serious about clearing the exam. There are specialized coaching classes offered to these students. Sample papers are helped by the experts in the tuition centers. You can take help of the study books too. These guides give you mock questions so that you can prepare various sections of the test. By going through the guides, you will be acquainted with question formats relating to timed test sections.

With assistance of coaching classes and guides, learn to emphasize on the key strengths and minimize your weaknesses. Solve the practice tests regularly and crack the exam easily. Apart from this, you need to be aware about what is happening around you, to get through the exam. Complete devotion and concentration along with regular practice is what it takes to clear the civil services examination.

Know more about competitive coaching classes and other coaching classes.

Information On Civil Marriages And Religious Marriages

Posted on March 22, 2018 by blogger

With the growing number of mixed marriages, many couples nowadays prefer a civil wedding ceremony instead of a religious wedding ceremony. This choice allows them the inclusion of wedding themes, special readings, symbols and vows that would have to be probably excluded in a religious wedding ceremony or location.

Depending on the area where you wish to marry, a civil wedding ceremony can be performed in a lawyer’s/registrar’s office or a judge’s chambers or a venue of your choice. However, different laws may apply to different states and countries and you need to find out the relevant information in the place where you intend to marry.

It might be a good idea to meet with at least 2 or 3 officials who perform the civil wedding ceremony before finalizing on one. It is very essential for you to feel comfortable with the official who will be performing the ceremony.

Here is a checklist that would make sense for you to discuss with the official whom you propose to engage for your civil wedding ceremony:

1.Is the official available for performing the ceremony on the date of your wedding and is he willing to travel to the location?

2.How long has he been conducting civil wedding ceremonies and what is his fee?

3.Is he available for a rehearsal whenever you are ready to have one?

4.Is there any standard ceremony he uses and can he provide you with any sample ceremony sheets? Is he agreeable for you adding any of your own vows, readings etc… to the ceremony?

5.Can he advise you on the procedures that need to be followed for obtaining a marriage license?

Obtaining a marriage licence involves a few aspects that are mostly standard in most parts of the world. The couples should individually have the following documents at the very least:

1.Any name change deeds if you’ve had your name legally changed in the past.

2.A birth certificate and/or passport for identification (along with a picture).

3.A utility bill or some other type of document as evidence of your current residential address.

4.A copy of your Marriage Certificate and the Certificate of Divorce if either of you were previously married and legally separated.

5.Most places would require a signed permission from a parent or guardian if you are under 18.

The registration fee, the official’s fee and the marriage license fee vary from place to place and keep in mind to provide a budget for these aspects.

And, as with any marriage ceremony, you will need two witnesses to sign the legal documents after the ceremony is completed.

To summarize, a civil wedding ceremony is much more flexible and cheaper in today’s world allowing both of you to incorporate aspects of each of your religions if you wish, write your own special vows and have any type of wedding theme you prefer.

Essay on Civil Disobedience and Unjust laws

Posted on March 18, 2018 by blogger

Should all laws passed by the government be obeyed by its citizens? For Henry David Thoreau, citizens should not blindly obey all the laws passed by the lawmakers. There are certain laws which may be disobeyed by the public. Thoreau called these laws as unjust laws.

Unjust laws are laws that violate basic and inherent rights of the people. These laws trample upon the same rights that the government has sworn to protect and uphold. Unjust laws are an anathema to a democratic society primarily because they are passed by the same institution that should protect and recognize the rights of the people. These laws violate the right to due process of law, equal protection of the law, and other basic and inherent human rights.

Thoreau said that the United States government has passed laws in the past which are unjust and immoral. Some of these laws are those that were passed before the Civil War – laws allowing and perpetuating the slavery of colored individuals, laws prohibited the marriage of colored individuals and white, laws that denied colored individuals the right to vote and citizenship. According to Thoreau -Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded or shall we transgress them at once.-

Unjust laws will continue to exist in the future. Based on the basic principles of a democracy which upholds that maxim that the majority is always right the government is bound to pass unjust laws in the future. So long as certain groups of individuals have the numbers in government, they can have their way in the government and pass unjust laws. It should be stressed, however, that the majority is not always right. While there is strength in numbers it is possible that they could be wrong about the passage of some legislations.

Thoreau believes that citizens should not be forced to obey an unjust law. In fact, Thoreau believes that citizens have the moral obligation to fight an unjust law. The citizens should not wait for the time to come when the law is rendered unconstitutional. It takes time to do so. Thoreau believes that the public should take a stand. When he was asked to pay the taxes which he considered was unjustly imposed, he disobeyed the government and refused to pay the taxes. He advocated civil disobedience as a means to fight an unjust law.

Thoreau warned that there are consequences for civil disobedience. The government will not hesitate imposing punishment on individuals who disobey the law. However, Thoreau believes that this is the only way to fight an unjust law.

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How Civil Law Is Different Form Criminal Law

Posted on March 14, 2018 by blogger

To understand the different kinds of laws are very important in any judicial system. How civil law is different from criminal law. The civil law is different form criminal law in term of provision and punishment.

Criminal law:-

Criminal law is a branch of law which concerns crimes which are committed against the public authority. It is distinct from civil law and its provision for punishment is also different which involves crimes which people commit against each other, not necessarily against the public as a whole. Murder, for example, is covered under criminal law, because although there is a specific victim, murder in general runs against the interests of the public. By contrast, if someone fails to honor a contract, this is a matter for civil law.

In criminal law, a guilty defendant is punished by either (1) incarceration in a jail or prison, (2) fine paid to the government, or, in exceptional cases, (3) execution of the defendant: the death penalty. Crimes are divided into two broad classes: felonies have a maximum possible sentence of more than one year

Incarceration, misdemeanors have a maximum possible sentence of less than one year incarceration.

Criminal law, also termed as Penal law, encompasses the rules and statutes written by Congress and state legislators dealing with any criminal activity that causes harm to the general public, with penalties. It also covers criminal procedure connected with charging, trying, sentencing and imprisoning defendants convicted of crimes. It regulates how suspects are investigated, charged and tried.

Criminal law is typically enforced by the government. The state, through a prosecutor, initiates the suit. Criminal law encompasses Substantive Criminal law; Criminal Procedure; and the special problems in administration and enforcement of criminal justice.
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Civil law

Civil law seeks to resolve non-criminal disputes such as disagreements over the meaning of contracts, property ownership, divorce, child custody, and damages for personal and property damage. A civil court is a place where people can solve their problems with people peacefully. The function of civil law is to provide a legal remedy to solve problems. Sometimes civil law is based on a state or federal statute; at other times civil law is based on a ruling by the court.

TYPES OF CIVIL CASES

Civil law covers a wide spectrum of topics. Some of these topics are:

consumer law
international law
agricultural law
employment law
animal law
entertainment law
business law
family law
sports law
tax law
Intentional torts such as libel, slander, defamation of character, battery and assault.
negligence

In contrast, a defendant in civil litigation is never incarcerated and never executed. In general, a losing defendant in civil litigation only reimburses the plaintiff for losses caused by the defendant’s behavior.

So-called punitive damages are never awarded in a civil case under contract law. In a civil case under tort law, there is a possibility of punitive damages, if the defendant’s conduct is egregious and had either (1) a malicious intent (i.e., desire to cause harm), (2) gross negligence (i.e., conscious indifference), or (3) a willful disregard for the rights of others. The use of punitive damages makes a public example of the defendant and supposedly deters future wrongful conduct by others. Punitive damages are particularly important in torts involving dignitary harms (e.g., invasion of privacy) and civil rights, where the actual monetary injury to plaintiff(s) may be small.

One can purchase insurance that will pay damages and attorney’s fees for tort claims. Such insurance coverage is a standard part of homeowner’s insurance policies, automobile insurance, and insurance for businesses. In contrast, it is not possible for a defendant to purchase insurance to pay for his/her criminal acts.