Indian Civil Services Tips by Toppers

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Indian Civil Service is the most prestigious and honorable career option. There are ample amount of career options in the corporate fields which provide handsome packages, but when it comes to Indian civil services, the individual is considered one notch higher and seen with respect and high status. Indian civil services are held by Union Public Service Commission. There are many meritious students who with their hard work and determination have been toppers of civil services. They are all over the news channels and newspapers, once they have topped the civil services exam and a lot of them have also given some tips for the students preparing for the exams which turn out to be very useful for them.

Civil services include all the non military departments of government military which run state administration. The constitution has guaranteed certain rights and entitlements to its citizens; the civil officers make sure that they are within the reach of the citizens. Civil service is the high rank career option amongst the youth, many dream of getting into this, as they know this means a strong status in society and job security. The power that one gets is incomparable. It also gives you the power to bring qualitative change in the society and help in the upliftment of many. There have been many students who have worked very hard and topped the civil services examinations. All of them are now appointed at high posts in various branches of Indian civil service. In order to prepare for something, it is always good to be guided and advised. There are some basic tips by civil services toppers which have helped many students and will help the ones preparing for the examinations. Some of the basic tips are:

Be confident in yourself and trust in your preparation. No body can succeed until one believes in himself or herself
Read questions with a cool head. Most of the students tend to misunderstand the questions and end up writing incorrect answers
Have a strong general knowledge of current affairs. It is an important prerequisite.
Be precise while answering
Answers should be crisp and bare to bone answers
Time management is very important. Mange your time

These are some basic tips by ICS toppers which would help while preparing and writing the civil service exams. Once one pulls through the Indian civil service exams, a successful future is promised.

Read civil services preparation tips, civil services syllabus, civil services toppers interview and more at jagranjosh.com

Questions On Physical Geography Of India And Agriculture Gk For Civil, Ssc, Upsc, Railway

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Cracking a competitive exam turns easy when you are provided with right study materials on right time. This on the other hand is failed to be achieved by millions of students appearing for various competitive exams of banks, civil services, IBPS, TOEFL or other government examinations. In the syllabus of public services examinations, questions on physical geography of india and agriculture gk form a vital part of examinations.

Physical Geography of India
Geography is one of the main electives that are selected by a large number of students to crack the exams. There are two patterns of questions that are asked in physical geography question paper. First, multiple choice questions (MCQs) and other includes descriptive questions that are answered in passages. For MCQs on physical geography of india accuracy matters the most while for the latter conciseness and knowledge. The same applies for agriculture gk as well. GK and Agricultural questions are prepared as per various difficulty levels.

Questions on Agriculture GK
General knowledge on agricultural issues covers all major issues of forests, soils, trees, rivers, earth, crops, fertilizers etc. Again the questions are classified into two categories of objective and descriptive type questions.

Natural Regions of India
Natural Regions of India cover large and small geographical regions including The Himalayas, Sutlej-Ganga plains, Eastern and Western Ghat plains, tundra region, warm-temperate zones.

Climate
Climate is the most vital part of physical geography of india that questions are asked compulsorily in multiple choice and descriptive questions. Climate covers major questions of equator distances, ocean currents, land slopes, mountain directors, soil nature, composition, testing, and fertility.
Questions on Planning in Indian Economy
Questions on planning in indian economy cover working methodologies of Planning Commission of India. Five-Year Plans, Per Capita Income, Agricultural Produce, Taxation and many such other topics. The questions comprise both MCQs and descriptive questions. The attendants are to answer both with the firm focus on accuracy and conciseness of the topic. Students can be asked any kind of questions from lower difficulty level to higher difficulty level in both descriptive and MCQs.

Five Year Plans
Questions on five year plans are must. These form majority share on Indian economy and world economy as well. Sometimes you might be given a passage and you have to read, comprehend and write the answer of questions provided below the passage.

How to Prepare for Planning in Indian Economy
Obtain full knowledge (Basic and Advanced) then read it with regular practice. Once you have full knowledge over it take online tests and assess your knowledge on the same.

Civil Society A Proper Definition

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Civil society is the arena of collective action without restraint around common interests, goals and values. In theory, its institutional forms differ from the state, family and market, but in practice the boundaries between state, civil society, family and market are often complex, blurred and negotiated. Civil society commonly embraces a diversity of spaces, actors and institutional forms that vary in their degree of formality, autonomy and power. Civil societies are often populated by organizations such as tax-exempt public, foundations, development organizations, community organizations and unions, women organizations, faith-based organizations, professional associations, trade unions, support groups, social movements, associations and support groups.

The past twenty-five years have witnessed a spectacular expansion of philanthropy, volunteering, and Civil Society organizations throughout the world. Indeed, we seem to be in the midst of a global associational revolution, a worldwide upsurge of organized private voluntary activity. Despite the promise that this development holds, however, the nonprofit or civil society sector remains the invisible subcontinent on the social landscape of most countries, poorly understood by policymakers and the public at large, often encumbered by legal limitations, and inadequately utilized as a mechanism for addressing public problems.

Social accountability is an unusual concept in that it always seems to require being defined before it is applied or discussed. In part it is a result of an inherent ambiguity or elasticity in the concept.. Many would hold that a free and vigorous press is an essential element in civil society. But most newspapers and TV stations in the country are run as for-profit businesses. In modern societies, realizing these ideals like political equality or peaceful coexistence – requires action across many different institutions, not just voluntary associations. Civil society as the good society is very important, because it sets the contributions of voluntary associations in the proper context and guards against the tendency to privilege one part of society over the others on ideological grounds voluntary associations over states for example, or business over both.

There are some interventions, though, that would be useful across the board. The main initiative must be to strengthen the pre-conditions for a healthy civil society by attacking all forms of inequality and discrimination, giving people the means to be active citizens, reforming politics to encourage more participation, guaranteeing the independence of associations and the structures of public communication, and building a strong foundation for institutional partnerships, alliances and coalitions. Inequality is the poison of civil society because it endows citizens with different levels of resources and opportunities to participate, so things like support for childcare and a living wage which are not usually seen as civil-society building interventions, may be the most important areas of
all.

For realization of a civil social system stronger links are needed to be built between policy groups, organizing groups, service deliverers and the media; we need to link associations across different interests and agendas and get progressive organizing out of its silos (issues and identities); we need to encourage a more democratic relationship between grassroots constituencies and those in the nonprofit sector who claim to speak on their behalf. We need to reduce the costs and risks of citizen participation(for example, making it easier to organize at the workplace), and we need to honor and connect different forms of participation so that service doesnt become a substitute for political engagement.

JUDGEMENT Vs DECREE UNDER CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE, 1908

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The judgment forms the concluding part of the civil suit and it determines the rights and liabilities of the parties. Basically judgment is followed by a decree which is its operating part. Historically, there was the distinction between judgment and decree. Common Law adheres to the judgment while the Equity Court of Law deals with the decree. But later on Judicature Act was passed in U.K. which merged the distinction between judgment and decree. In U.S. also, distinction between judgment and decree has lost its relevance but in India, the distinction between judgment and decree has still maintain its position from the initiation of the old Code of Civil Procedure, 1859. The present Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 also recognizes this distinction.

In this legal world, judgment given by any court followed by its decree play an important role to define the scope and limitations of any individual. Apart from the statutory rules and regulations, one also has to adhere to the decision given by the court to keep oneself away from the clutches of the court room drama.

Daily various judgments are pronounced and decree following it took place in the courts of our country. Various civil cases are also being disposed off each working day. These judgments are important as they act as precedents for future declarations, so it is very necessary that they stick to the judicial reasoning without bringing their own discretionary power blindly. After so many judgments and backing it up with the decree also, certain issues do arises which tends to confuse us. Civil Procedure Code, 1908 has been drafted very nicely but then also certain loopholes are there providing leeway for the creeping of unnecessary elements. As no law seems to perfect for us but then also effort should be made to take them somewhere close to the shell of perfectness.

Legal Advancement Program would not only allow you to learn the basics of Civil Procedure Code, 1908, but also various loopholes which lead to delay order. With the flavor of dispute resolution systems, it will also take you through the pre and post judgment process and analysis.

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Different Steps of Civil Cases in India

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Civil law addresses situations in which people have been harmed, and an economic award might help remedy the situation. Examples of civil law cases include divorce, disputes involving property ownership, and contractual disputes. Private attorneys generally handle both sides of a dispute involving civil law, and the issues in civil court most often need to be proven only by a preponderance of the evidence.A branch of law that is concerned with the discrepancy between organizations or individuals is called as Civil Law.

Initial Court Papers : The legal papers that are filed in court at the beginning of a lawsuit are called “pleadings.”Your attorney will explain pleadings to you in the particular context of your case, but the summary that follows will give you a head start in understanding some of the many documents that may become a part of your civil laws.

Fact-Finding and Discovery : A hallmark of the American legal system is the principle that there should be as few surprises as possible in the course of a lawsuit. That disclosure is accomplished through a methodical process called “discovery.” Discovery takes three basic forms: written discovery, document production and depositions. Document production is fairly self-explanatory. Courts are allowing access to computer files as part of document discovery.

Resolution Before Trial: A motion is a request your lawyer files with the court asking for a ruling on a particular matter. If the ruling on the motion could terminate the litigation and end the dispute before trial, it is called a dispositive motion. A motion to dismiss is sometimes filed in the very early stages of the litigation, before the parties have conducted discovery.

Settlement : The majority of legal claims filed in civil court do not reach the trial stage- most are resolved earlier through a negotiated settlement among the parties. An informal settlement can even take place before any lawsuit is filed. Through settlement, the plaintiff in a civil case agrees to give up the right to pursue any further legal action in connection with his or her case, in exchange for the payment of an agreed-upon sum of money from the defendant (or the defendant’s insurer).

Trial and Verdict : A judge or jury examines the evidence to decide whether, by a “preponderance of the evidence,” the defendant should be held legally responsible for the damages alleged by the plaintiff. A trial is the plaintiff’s opportunity to argue his or her case, in the hope of obtaining a judgment against the defendant.

After a Judgment: Even when you “win” a civil case in court and are awarded money damages, the opposing party may not always simply pay you the amount of the judgment. You may have to take additional steps (and incur additional expenses) to collect the judgment.They do so because they want to avoid unpleasant “collection” activities and additional expense.

Appeals : An appeal is a review of the trial court’s application of the law. There is no jury in an appeal, nor do the lawyers present witnesses or, typically, other forms of evidence. The court will accept the facts as they were revealed in the trial court, unless a factual finding is clearly against the weight of the evidence.

The civil cases which seeks to resolve non-criminal disputes such as disagreement over the meaning of contracts, property ownership, family disputes namely divorce & child custody etc. and damages for personal and property damage is called civil law.Mostly civil cases does not prescribe punsihment but the Code of Civil Procedure clearly specifies that persons who are to be punished under the civil law must be sent to civil prison. It clearly shows that there exists civil prisons for the punishment of offenders under civil law. When a person commited contempt of court i.e. a decree or order pronounced by court is not obeyed then that peson is liable for contempt of court and in such situations Civil cases also leads to punish the person who committed such offence.

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